Modified ground-truthing: an accurate and cost-effective food environment validation method for town and rural areas
Equity Focus
This study targets modified ground truthing, an accurate and cost-effective method for validating food environments/stores in three urban/rural areas in Minnesota, USA.
Case Summary
This project calculated the accuracy and cost of ground-truthing three town/rural areas in Minnesota, USA (an area of 564 miles, or 908 km), and simulated a modified validation process to increase efficiency without comprising accuracy. The ground-truthed list of stores was compared with commercial business listings, which had an average positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.57 and sensitivity of 0.62 across the three sites. Using observations from the field, a modified process was proposed in which only the streets located within central commercial clusters (the 1/8 mile or 200 m buffer around any cluster of 2 stores) would be validated. Modified ground-truthing would have yielded an estimated PPV of 1.00 and sensitivity of 0.95, and would have resulted in a reduction in approximately 88 % of the mileage costs.
Lessons Learned
- Ground-truthing is necessary in town/rural settings. The modified ground-truthing process, with excellent accuracy at a fraction of the costs, suggests a new standard and warrants further evaluation.
KEY FACTS
Country
United States
WHO region
Americas
Country income level
HIC
Action Area
Built environment data in practice and research
Step
Map
Authors
C. E. Caspi; R. Friebur
Year published
2016
Search results for Area: United States: 15
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